An assessment of cylinder leakage can be performed without specialized equipment. This method utilizes compressed air introduced into the cylinder through the spark plug hole with the piston at top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke. The relative amount of air escaping from various locations within the engine indicates potential issues. For example, air escaping from the oil fill indicates piston ring wear, while air escaping from the radiator cap area suggests a head gasket leak into the cooling system. Air exiting the exhaust pipe signals exhaust valve leakage, and air emanating from the intake indicates intake valve leakage.
The significance of cylinder leakage assessment lies in its ability to diagnose internal engine problems efficiently and inexpensively. This process helps identify the source of compression loss, facilitating targeted repairs and minimizing unnecessary component replacement. Historically, simple listening devices like a length of hose have been used to amplify the sound of escaping air, aiding in the identification of leakage sources, predating the widespread availability of specialized testing apparatus.