anions - Global Info
Unlock the secrets of anions with this detailed review. An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.
Understanding the Context
The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons.A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons (e.g. K+ (potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons (e.g. Cl− (chloride ion) and OH− (hydroxide ion)). Opposite electric charges are pulled towards one another by electrostatic force, so cations and anions attract each other and readily form ionic compounds.
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Ions consisting of only a single atom are termed monatomic ions, atomic ions or simple ions, while ions consisting of two or more atoms are termed polyatomic ions or molecular ions.The net charge of an ion is indicated as a superscript on the right. To indicate a +1 or −1 charge, only a + or − is written respectively, as seen in Na+ (sodium ion) and F− (fluoride ion). To indicate a more severe charge, the number of additional or missing electrons is supplied, as seen in O2−2 (peroxide, negatively charged, polyatomic) and He2+ (alpha particle, positively charged, monatomic).In the case of physical ionization in a fluid (gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion. Ions are also created by chemical interactions, such as the dissolution of a salt in liquids, or by other means, such as passing a direct current through a conducting solution, dissolving an anode via ionization. Anionsare atoms or groups of atoms that have a negative electric charge.
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[1] Ananionhas more electrons in its atomic orbitals than it has protons in its atomic nucleus. The opposite of ananionis a cation, which has a positive charge. The name "anion" comes from the words anode and ion. In an electrochemical cell,anionsare attracted to the positively charged anode.Anionscan be ... Specifically, anions excels in this area. Learn what cations andanionsare, how they are formed, and how they are named.
See the periodic table trends and examples of common ions and their compounds. Since anions was introduced, things have changed. Anionsare negatively charged ions that form when atoms gain electrons, and a list ofanionsincludes common ones like chloride, sulfate, and nitrate. Learn whatanionsare, how they are formed by nonmetal atoms gaining electrons, and how they are named by adding -ide suffix.